9 前置詞

前置詞は名詞, 代名詞の前に付いて, それらの語とほかの語との関係を示します。
ふたつの前置詞が一緒に使われることもあります。

前置詞の後の名詞, 代名詞は主格(3-1 名詞を参照)になるのを原則とします。

前置詞の中には副詞や動詞の不定形(3-4 動詞を参照)の前に置かれるものもあります。

Mi skribos al vi morgau~. (I'll write to you tomorrow.)

Mi venos al vi je la tria horo. (I'll come to you at three o'clock.)

La patro donis al s^i pupon. (The father gave her a doll.)

(注) エスペラント では目的格を間接目的語として使うことはできません。

Li prenis ion el sub la tablo. (He took something from under the table.)

La parko estas malproksima de c^i tie. (The park is a long way from here.)

Mi ellitig^is frue por trafi la buson. (I got up early to catch the bus.)

Li foriris sen diri adiau~ al mi. (He left without saying good-bye to me.)

Mi ne havas la tempon por skribi al li. (I don't have the time to write to him.)

Por diri la veron, mi ankorau~ ne legis la romanon. (To tell the truth, I have not read the novel yet.)


下に前置詞一覧表と群前置詞の表を掲げます。
前置詞一覧表はすべての前置詞を挙げましたが, 群前置詞の方は「副詞 + 前置詞」の大部分を挙げてあるだけです。kun la helpo de (with the help of) のような「前置詞 + 名詞 + 前置詞」の形の群前置詞は意味がすぐ分かるので, ここには挙げてありません。

前置詞一覧表

al (to), anstatau~ (instead of), antau~ (before, in front of), apud (at the side of), c^e (at), c^irkau~ (around), da {名詞の後に付いて数量を表す: glaso da biero (a glass of beer)}, de (of, from, since, by), dum (during), ekster (outside), el (out of, from), en (in), g~is (until), inter (between), je (時刻を表す at の意味のほか, 適当な前置詞が見つからないときに使われる), kontrau~ (against), krom (besides), kun (with), lau~ (according to, along), malgrau~ (in spite of), per (by means of), po (at the rate of), por (for, in order to), post (after), preter (beyond, past), pri (about, concerning), pro (for the sake of), sen (without), sub (under), super (over, above), sur (on), tra (through), trans (across)


群前置詞

aldone al (in addition to), alfrontite de (in the face of), aparte de (apart from, besides), cele al (for the purpose of), c^irkau~e de (around), dank' al (thanks to), dekstre de (on the right of), depende de (depending on), detempe de (over since), ekskluzive de (excluding), escepte de (except), fare de (行為者を表すby), favore al (in favor of), fine de (at the end of), flanke de (at the side of), fronte al (facing), funde de (at the bottom of), helpe de (with the help of), honore al (in honor of), inkluzive de (including), interne de (inside), interrilate kun (in connection with), kau~ze de (owing to), komence de (starting from), komisie de (on one's behalf), kompare kun (in comparison with), kompense al (in compensation for), konforme al (in accordance of), konforme kun (in conforminity with), konsekvence de (in cosequence of), kontraste kun (in contrast with), koste de (at the cost of), kune kun (together with), lau~larg^e de (across), lau~longe de (along), maldekstre de (on the left of), malproksime de (far from), manke de (for lack of), meze de (among, in the middle of), najbare de (in the neiborhood of), norde de (to the north of), okaze de (on occasion of), okcidente de (to the west of), oriente de (to the east of), paralele kun (parallel to), pere de (by means of), prepare al (in preparation for), proksime al (near), proporcie al (in proportion to), proporcie kun (in proportion to), renkonte al (toward), responde al (in reply to), rezulte de (as a result of), rilate al (with regard to), samnivele kun (on a level with), sekve de (as a consequence of), senkonsidere al (without regard to), spite al (in defiance of), sude de (to the south of), transe de (beyond), vidalvide al (facing)

次(接続詞)へ。